Low-elevation spruce-fir | Adaptation Workbook

These forests are dominated by northern species that include red spruce, white spruce, and balsam fir. Site are typically at lower elevations in cold pockets, depressions, or valley bottoms. Hardwood species, such as yellow birch and red maple, may also be present.

Climate Impact Statements

Climate change may lead to decreased habitat or altered species composition in low-elevation spruce-fir forests.

Many of the dominant tree species are expected to decline by the end of the century, including red spruce and balsam fir.

Some tree species may be more likley to persist or become more competative through the end of the century , including white pine, red maple, and some northern hardwood species.

Changes in herbivore populations may also have substantial effects on forest growth and composition.

Low species diversity may reduce the ability of forests to adapt to climate change.

Low-elevation spruce-fir forests are widely distributed across a variety of sites, increasing adaptive capacity.

Vulnerability

Moderate-High

Adaptive Capacity

Moderate

Potential Impacts