Aspen-birch forests in northern Wisconsin and western Upper Michigan may be vulnerable to temperature increases and moisture stress from climate change.

There is a greater likelihood of reduced soil moisture and enhanced evapotranspiration as the climate warms, especially late in the growing season. Drought stress and mortality may consequently increase, with the greatest risk on dry and poor-quality sites. Additionally, projected temperatures may be beyond the physiological limits of aspen and birch species by the end of the 21st century, particularly under hotter climate scenarios. Aspen-birch forests exist on a wide range of soils and landforms, and it is likely that some soil types and landscape positions will be buffered from moisture stress and temperature change.